History of Autism

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are disorders of brain development which involve impairments in social interactions, communication, and include repetitive behaviors. When understanding ASD, it is important to think of the disorder as a spectrum, or a long line ranging in disabilities of higher functioning to lower functioning. The disorders that fall under the Autism spectrum disorder include autism, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and Asperger syndrome.

Characteristics of these disorders include, difficulties in social interaction, communication issues, and repetitive, often compulsive, behaviors. Symptoms vary based on the individual’s level of functioning. For example, a person with low functioning autism may not be able to speak and will use other forms of communication, whereas a person with autism who is high functioning will be able to speak clearly to anyone in the community. Although there is no single cause for autism, it is widely accepted that it is caused by abnormalities in brain structure and function, and symptoms of the disorder typically manifest between 2 and 3 years of age. Research indicates that autism occurs more frequently in individuals who have other medical conditions, meaning they have a genetic vulnerability to the disorder, while other research suggests that the environmental toxins and pollutants are to blame.

The diagnosis of autism is only growing. The most important way to help this crisis is to gain awareness and to support research that is being conducted in the field. Check out the “Autism in Pittsburgh” link to find out what research is happening locally.

To find out more information on Autism Spectrum Disorders, check out these links:
http://www.autismspeaks.org

http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism.htm

http://www.autism-society.org